Rekonstruksi Konsep Gharar dalam Kontrak Keuangan Islam: Analisis Kritis dari Perspektif Fiqih dan Ekonomi Modern
Keywords:
gharar, Islamic finance, Shariah contracts, derivatives, takaful, Shariah fintech, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, blockchain, uncertainty.Abstract
ABSTRAC
The concept of gharar (uncertainty or ambiguity) is a fundamental pillar within the framework of Islamic finance, as it directly impacts justice, transparency, and the sustainability of transactional systems. This study aims to analyze the application of gharar in various forms of contemporary financial contracts, such as insurance, derivatives, and Shariah-compliant fintech instruments. Using a literature review method, this research explores classical fiqh muamalah perspectives and examines their relevance in the modern context.
The analysis reveals that gharar remains a major challenge in creating Islamic financial products that are both Shariah-compliant and competitive in the global market. Efforts to recontextualize the concept of gharar through the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law) approach, digital technological innovations such as blockchain and smart contracts, as well as the development of more adaptive legal parameters, are key strategies for mitigating uncertainty in modern financial contracts.
This study recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing Shariah literacy in the financial sector, and integrating ethics and sustainability as the foundation for developing a more inclusive, just, and stable Islamic financial ecosystem.
Keywords: gharar, Islamic finance, Shariah contracts, derivatives, takaful, Shariah fintech, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, blockchain, uncertainty.
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