Rekonstruksi Model Mikrofinansial Syariah Berbasis Maqashid al-Shariah: Menuju Sistem Ekonomi yang Inklusif dan Berkelanjutan
Keywords:
Kata Kunci: mikrofinansial syariah, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, keuangan inklusif, keadilan sosial, pembangunan berkelanjutanAbstract
Abstract
Ketimpangan ekonomi dan kemiskinan masih menjadi tantangan serius di banyak negara Muslim, terutama akibat distribusi kekayaan yang timpang, rendahnya kualitas layanan dasar, serta belum optimalnya pemanfaatan instrumen ekonomi Islam seperti zakat dan wakaf. Mikrofinansial syariah hadir sebagai alternatif pembiayaan yang adil dan inklusif, namun model yang ada saat ini cenderung mereplikasi pendekatan konvensional dan belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi model mikrofinansial syariah yang berbasis pada maqāṣid al-sharīʿah sebagai fondasi etis dan normatif, guna membangun sistem keuangan Islam yang berkeadilan, berkelanjutan, dan relevan dengan tantangan sosial-ekonomi modern. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan, kajian ini menganalisis prinsip-prinsip maqāṣid, mengevaluasi kelemahan model mikrofinansial konvensional dan syariah saat ini, serta merumuskan desain alternatif yang holistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi maqāṣid dalam mikrofinansial syariah dapat memperkuat peran lembaga keuangan Islam dalam pemberdayaan UMKM, pengentasan kemiskinan, serta pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs). Model alternatif yang diusulkan menitikberatkan pada keadilan, kesejahteraan spiritual dan material, perlindungan hak dasar manusia, serta sinergi kelembagaan berbasis nilai-nilai Islam.
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