ANALISIS PERJANJIAN PRA NIKAH SERTA KONSEKUENSINYA PERSPEKTIF MAZHAB SYAFI’I DAN HANAFI
Abstract
Abstract: This study analyzes prenuptial agreements from the perspectives of the Shafi’i and Hanafi schools of Islamic jurisprudence, highlighting their differing views on the validity of conditions within the marriage contract. A prenuptial agreement serves as a legal instrument designed to provide certainty and protection for both parties in marriage. In the framework of classical Islamic law, conditions within the marriage contract are interpreted according to each school’s methodological principles. The Shafi’i school generally rejects conditions that contradict the essential purpose of marriage, maintaining that the contract remains valid but the condition itself is void if it conflicts with Islamic law. This reflects their principle of safeguarding the sanctity of the contract while avoiding invalid stipulations. In contrast, the Hanafi school adopts a more flexible approach, recognizing conditions as binding so long as they do not explicitly violate Shariah. Their reasoning is grounded in the principle of contractual freedom (ḥurriyat at-ta‘āqud), akin to other contracts in Islamic transactions. The analysis reveals that the key distinction lies in emphasis: the Shafi’i school prioritizes the purity of the marriage contract, while the Hanafi school underscores contractual freedom to promote fairness between spouses. This study also highlights the contemporary relevance of these classical debates, particularly in Indonesia, where prenuptial agreements are recognized under marriage law as a means of safeguarding rights and obligations. Thus, this research contributes to bridging the gap between classical fiqh and modern legal practice.
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